{"id":1923,"date":"2025-01-14T05:49:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-14T05:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/?p=1923"},"modified":"2025-07-17T06:03:27","modified_gmt":"2025-07-17T06:03:27","slug":"ai-in-the-judiciary-a-singapore-courts-perspective","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/posts\/ai-in-the-judiciary-a-singapore-courts-perspective","title":{"rendered":"AI in the judiciary: A Singapore Courts perspective"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In November 2024, the Singapore Courts hosted the International Association for Court Administration (IACA) Conference in Singapore for the first time. The event, themed &#8220;Building Trust in The Judiciary,&#8221; gathered 250 judges and senior court administrators from over 40 countries to discuss key topics like AI in the justice system and access to justice. Thomson Reuters is proud to be a sponsor at the event. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Representing Singapore, Mr. Tan Ken Hwee, Chief Transformation and Innovation Officer of the Singapore Courts, delivered a keynote on AI in the judicial system. The keynote highlighted the various aspects of AI applications to legal texts. Mr. Tan addressed both the transformative potential and the ethical challenges of AI in legal contexts. Read on for the highlights of his address to the legal community.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/PB120355-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1949\" srcset=\"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/PB120355-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/PB120355-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/PB120355-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/PB120355-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/PB120355-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/PB120355-740x494.jpg 740w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Mr. Tan Ken Hwee, Chief Transformation and Innovation Officer, Singapore Courts, delivered a keynote at the IACA conference<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Courts can use AI to produce case summaries&nbsp;<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AI tools can provide reasonably reliable summaries of cases to the judiciary, shared Mr. Tan. \u201cYou can now feed an AI or large language models (LLMs) the material in a case and ask it to generate a summary and explain it to you, to give you a sense of what the case is all about,\u201d he said.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Whilst \u201cyou cannot expect it to be 100% comprehensive\u201d, warned Mr. Tan, it is \u201chighly usable\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AI can help give you a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/posts\/lawyers-test-legal-ai-with-skills-challenges-in-singapore\">quick flavour<\/a>&nbsp;of what a particular case is about. But when it comes to eliminating the risk of inaccuracies altogether, this is not the way to look at it. Mr. Tan reminded the audience that \u201c\u2026hallucination is, in a sense, a feature and not a bug of this technology.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">AI for gathering evidence&nbsp;<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another significant area where AI can make a difference is gathering evidence. Mr. Tan addressed the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/posts\/ethical-ai-for-lawyers-in-singapore-key-responsibilities\">rising potential for increased efficiencies<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u2026The ability of LLMs (large language models) to be able to help us sift through evidence and synthesise it and give us a composite document summarising the evidence is potentially a huge game changer,\u201d he said.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scheduling cases with AI&nbsp;<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Should courts be using AI to schedule cases? Mr. Tan noted that the courts could use algorithms to optimise time. Specifically, to minimise the amount of unscheduled time and assigned time.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cYou can optimise court usage. You can optimise the time of judges much better if you have such technology. But the key thing here is this is not really a particularly good use of generative AI. It is instead something that can be done with a lot of algorithms and constraint programming techniques that is available, but it is nevertheless something that should still deserve a certain degree of attention, but it\u2019s often talked about in the rubric of artificial intelligence, and so it is something that I think deserves attention.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Helping underrepresented litigants prepare for cases&nbsp;<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another area of significant interest to the Singapore courts would be the ability to help underrepresented litigants prepare for their cases. As Mr. Tan mused, the use case would be to organise thoughts and materials to prepare for court hearings with AI. \u201cThis is something that we are actively exploring,\u201d he said.\u202f\u202f&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe think that this is especially valuable for unrepresented individuals, to help them to organise and to structure their material, which in turn then helps the court decide that case,\u201d he said.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"580\" src=\"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-15-213100-1024x580.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1959\" srcset=\"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-15-213100-1024x580.png 1024w, https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-15-213100-300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-15-213100-768x435.png 768w, https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-15-213100-740x419.png 740w, https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-15-213100.png 1104w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Possible &#8220;AI&#8221; use cases in justice system<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Traffic light system for use of AI in legal tech&nbsp;<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In summary, Mr. Tan proposed a set of<em>&nbsp;traffic lights<\/em>&nbsp;to navigate the use of AI in legal tech.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI think the prediction of outcomes is something that we might want to be extremely careful about,\u201d he warned.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe use of AI to decide cases is also something we need to be extremely careful and possibly consider to be a red-light area. There is a huge difference in LLMs when it comes to language versus knowledge.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWhat if the AI tells you that there\u2019s an 80% chance that the plaintiff is the one that should win this case and not the defendant? What do you do with that number? Right? So, I propose that those should go into the red zone.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conversely, access-to-justice use cases, and the possibility of using AI to help draft documents, both in court and out of court would suit comfortably within the yellow zone, according to Mr. Tan.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI will also say, well within the green-zone, and this is perhaps the areas that are really receiving a lot of attention, would be the use of AI to do evidence review, to generate summaries, and to do speech-to-text transcription,\u201d he added.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"578\" src=\"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-15-211739-1024x578.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1954\" srcset=\"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-15-211739-1024x578.png 1024w, https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-15-211739-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-15-211739-768x434.png 768w, https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-15-211739-740x418.png 740w, https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-15-211739.png 1101w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Traffic light system for use of AI in legal tech, proposed by Mr. Tan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thomsonreuters.com.sg\/en-sg.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Thomson Reuters Singapore<\/a>&nbsp;would like to thank Mr. Tan Ken Hwee for enabling Legal Insight Southeast Asia to share his commentary with our readers.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Thomson Reuters Legal Solutions for Judiciary and Courts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Explore&nbsp;<em>court<\/em>&nbsp;management software solutions that enable&nbsp;<em>court<\/em>&nbsp;clerks, staff, and lawyers to administer their courtroom duties efficiently and securely. <a href=\"https:\/\/app.thomsonreuters.com\/e\/er?s=1575097598&amp;lid=88971&amp;elq=~~eloqua..type--emailfield..syntax--recipientid..encodeFor--url~~&amp;elqak=8AF51136875C5290E4E3FBD7FCA446A9EE0134F3A8FF108A63C5812D83463B2F1DFB\">View more here. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Event photo <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/PB140767-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1951\" srcset=\"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/PB140767-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/PB140767-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/PB140767-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/PB140767-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/PB140767-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com\/sea\/legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/01\/PB140767-740x493.jpg 740w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Singapore Courts&#8217; Chief Transformation and Innovation Officer, talks transformative potential and ethical challenges of AI in legal contexts.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1944,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[994,922,971,645,602,10,609,665],"tags":[972,44,1031,1041,367,1040],"insight_job_role":[572,595,842],"insight_practice_area":[],"class_list":["entry","author-traus","has-excerpt","post-1923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-ai-regulation","category-asia-pacific","category-generative-ai","category-innovation-and-disruption-in-law","category-innovation-and-technology","category-legal","category-legal-technology","category-trends-and-the-future-of-law","tag-ai","tag-artificial-intelligence","tag-genai","tag-legal","tag-litigation","tag-singapore-courts","insight_job_role-barrister","insight_job_role-general-counsel","insight_job_role-lawyer","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast 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